Theses and Dissertations

Issuing Body

Mississippi State University

Advisor

Chambers, Janice E.

Committee Member

Carr, Russell L.

Committee Member

Kaplan, Barbara L.

Date of Degree

5-12-2023

Document Type

Graduate Thesis - Open Access

Major

Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences

Degree Name

Master of Science (M.S.)

College

College of Veterinary Medicine

Department

Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences

Abstract

Organophosphates are insecticides which result in acute adverse signs when exposed at toxic doses by animals and lead to death if left untreated. The current treatment for organophosphate toxicity includes atropine and the federally approved oxime 2-PAM. However, 2-PAM is not very effective at crossing the blood brain barrier which results in prolonged inactivation of acetylcholinesterase, which is the primary target of organophosphates, in the brain even after administration. The novel oximes, Oxime 15 and Oxime 20, are able to cross the blood brain barrier and reactivate the inhibited acetylcholinesterase. In this experiment with six animal species frequently used in toxicity studies, they were proven to be just as effective and sometimes better than 2-PAM at reactivating acetylcholinesterase or butyrylcholinesterase inhibited by paraoxon, chlorpyrifos-oxon, phorate-oxon, or dicrotophos. The detoxication enzymes butyrylcholinesterase, carboxylesterase, and paraoxonase were also studied as potential influences of the toxicity of the organophosphates in these different species.

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